Nok culture is named after the city, nok in the present kaduna state where the first finds or. Nok on thursday cut fullyear guidance amid uncertainty caused by coronavirus and said the pandemic hit sales in the first quarter by. From this point on, the histories of the two kingdoms of. One of the earliest african centers of ironworking and terracotta figure production, the nok culture. Combining the absolute dates with the results of a comprehensive pottery analysis, a chronology for the nok culture has been developed. Nok culture 1 nok culture for the water spirits, see nokke. Iron use, in smelting and forging for tools, appears in nok culture in africa at least by 550 bc and more probably in the middle of the second millennium bc between 1400 bc and 1600 bc depending on references.
The body of christ is great and even within the christian faith, there is a lot of diversity in beliefs, practices and cultural. The company dabbled in paper products, footwear and tires before it became involved in the wireless industry. Nonetheless, a large fraction of mergers fail to produce value for the shareholders of the acquiring firms. Taking time to consider all aspects of a merger can help to ensure it is the right decision, for both churches, and translates into a smooth transition. The nok culture is an early iron age population whose material remains are named after the ham village of nok in kaduna state of nigeria, where their terracotta sculptures were first discovered in 1928. Dentyoung, when a terra cotta monkeys head was unearthed in the nigerian village of nok. Merger and acquisition, corporate culture, swedbank. Found in north central nigeria off the edge of the jos plateau. Pdf the nok culture of central nigeria is well known for its terracotta figurines. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Because culture is such an important element, merger transition plans should include a thoughtful and purposeful due. The most insightful cultural observers often are outsiders, because cultural givens are not implicit to them.
The nok culture appeared in northern nigeria around 1500 bc and vanished under unknown circumstances around 500 ad, having lasted approximately 2,000 years. The nok of nigeria volume 64 number 4, julyaugust 2011. Pdf an outline of recent studies on the nigerian nok culture. In addition to negotiating price and other financial terms, organizations discussing a merger need to negotiate culture. A merger occurs when an independent bank loses its charter and becomes a part of an existing bank with headquarters and a unified branch network kuriakose, 2010. Nok culture, also called nok figurine culture, ancient iron age culture that existed on the benue plateau of nigeria between about 500 bce and 200 ce. Its social system is thought to have been highly advanced. First discovered in 1928 in the small tinmining village of nok, artifacts. Before the colonial conquest kingdoms in the north nok culture this. Your focus and your objectives naturally depend on where the deals greatest value lies. The nok civilization was the first civilization to smelt iron. The oldest known example of terracotta sculpture in africa, south of the sahara. Nok culture it is believed existed from the end of the stone age till the beginning of the iron age in subsaharan africa. Historical studies speculates that the nok culture once existed as a common society which later evolved into the hausa, gwari, nupe, jukun, kanuri, birom and yoruba kingdoms.
Artifacts continue to be unearthed without documentation of the context in which they were buried, a lack of extensive archaeological study that has severely limited our understanding of nok terracottas. Nok culture spanned the end of the neolithic stone age and start of the iron age in subsaharan africa, and may be the oldest organized society in subsaharan africa. An adjunct of this study is the development of a comprehensive, computational model of post merger integration dynamics. Nok art refers to huge human, animal, and other figures made out of terracotta pottery, made by the nok culture and found throughout nigeria. Merge pdf, split pdf, compress pdf, office to pdf, pdf. The terracottas represent the earliest sculptural art in west africa and were made between 900 bce and 0 ce, cooccurring with the earliest evidence of iron smelting in africa south of the sahara desert. However, the context of the art remains almost completely unknown. In some cases it can even use the merger to import the acquirees culture into its own organization. Pdf nok culture of modern day nigeria kay bell academia. The nok were a mystery for many years, but as more of their culture is discovered, we are. This strategy is commonly seen within the medical technology industry, where most research has.
A nok head, made of terracotta, found near jemaa, nigeria. A nok head made of terracotta, found at tsauni, near jemaa, nigeria, is in the nigerian museum in lagos. In a merger, cultural integrationthe fusion or adaptation of two or more cultures into a new culture is critical to success. The role of organizational culture in mergers and acquisitions. It turned out that the looters were the only ones who truly knew where to dig for nok finds, so the only way to discover a site was to make contact with them. Until recently the nigerian nok culture had primarily been known for its terracotta sculptures and the existence of iron metallurgy, providing some of the earliest. Nok culture the nok culture of subsaharan africa is believed to be the earliest known civilization of africa. A chronology of the central nigerian nok culture 1500 bc to the. The role of organizational culture in mergers and acquisitions published on september 28, 2015 september 28, 2015 73 likes 2 comments. Merge pdf, split pdf, compress pdf, office to pdf, pdf to jpg and more. Apparently, many people understood nok culture to mean any past community, not the fixed, ancient group with a specific set of characteristic markers.
Nok culture spanned the end of the neolithic stone age and start of the iron age in subsaharan africa, and may be the oldest organized society in. Corporate action instructions for alcatellucent alu merger with nokia nok nokia announces that its public exchange offer for alcatellucent securities in france and in the united states the offer has been settled, that its new shares have been entered into the finnish trade register. Layers of organizational culture organizational culture is multilayered. The role of corporate culture in mergers and acquisitions. The terracottas represent the earliest sculptural art in west africa and were made between 900 b. Nigerias art is believed to have been influenced by the nok culture and historical facts show that the nok culture was one of the prehistoric arts suggestive of the ancient human settlement in nigeria. Wide diversity of subject matter depicted with considerable variation in style, treatment and scale. The nok culture is mainly known by its terracottas which represent the earliest figurative art in subsaharan africa. Pdf the palaeovegetation of janruwa nigeria and its. Courtesy peter breunig in 1943, british archaeologist bernard fagg received a visitor in the central nigerian town of jos, where he had spent the previous few years gathering and classifying ancient artifacts found on a rugged plateau. Merger%and%acquisition the impact on organizational. Cultural integration and its discontents abstract a communitys culture is defined by the preferences and equilibrium behaviors of its members.
Nokia cuts guidance after sales hit from pandemic nokia corp. The nok culture has greatly influenced nigerias art as well as cultural activities. One of the miners, whose name and identity is unknown, discovered a terracotta figurine shaped like the head of a monkey nok culture. On 1 january 1914, the two protectorates were merged, with lagos, into the colony. A chronology of the central nigerian nok culture 1500 bc to the beginning of the common era. By the use of thermoluminescence testing as well as radio carbon dating it has been proved that the uncovered artifacts were made between 500 years bc and 200 years ad. Evidence of a nok culture was first discovered in 1928 during mine excavations led by lt.
New studies on the nok culture of central nigeria article pdf available in journal of african archaeology 32. This is the ancient ironworking culture, known as the nok culture, whose remains, of remarkable artistic value, have been coming to light in the middle belt region of. The heads of nok terracottas are invariably proportionally large relative to the bodies, and while not enough is known of nok culture to explain this apparent imbalance, it is interesting to note that a similar emphasis of the head in later african art traditions often signifies respect for intelligence. Cultural integration during a merger transition makes. The nok culture was considered to be the earliest subsaharan producer of lifesized terracotta. A chronology of the central nigerian nok culture 1500. The nok people probably used an agroforestry system, combining cultivated. Introduction corporate mergers are an important driver of corporate and economic growth. This paper focuses on the role of corporate culture in mergers and acquisitions, since the culture is one of the most important issues that can influence the success or failure within companies that go through the process of merger and acquisitions. The most ancient of the nigerian cultures known to us is also that about which least knowledge has been available. An outline of recent studies on the nigerian nok culture pdf. Kanem and bornu are so intertwined the kingdoms often merging into one that it is virtually impossible. Was nok culture subsaharan africas earliest civilization.
The nok people are neolithic tribes who have recently acquired the iron. The nok culture appeared in nigeria around bc and vanished under unknown circumstances around 300 ad in the region of west africa. Cultural issues in mergers and acquisitions leading through transition. Nok sculpture, terracotta, louvre the nok culture appeared in nigeria around b. A behavioral theory of the merger carnegie mellon university.
If crossselling product lines is a key to the merger s success, for example, integrating the salesforce culture will be essential. Announcement concerning the merger of subsidiaries of a. What you need to know about microsofts acquisition of nokia. Nok culture after it had been off the scientific radar for more than two decades was based on results we gained during investigations carried out in the late 1990s and early 2000s northeast of the nok culture area. Contacts among communities alter individual cultures through two interrelated mechanisms. Ancient iron age culture that existed on the benue plateau of nigeria between about 500 bce and 200 ce. Nok culture is a culture which provides evidence of the earliest ancient civilization of nigeria. The nok culture is an early iron age population whose material remains are named after the. Actively used as power transmissien and eenveyance belts in production lines in vapieus industrial areas and feature next generation technology. Pdf new studies on the nok culture of central nigeria. Integrating cultures after a merger bain brief bain. Nok art refers to huge human, animal and other figures made out of terracotta pottery, made by the nok culture and found throughout nigeria. Bank merger is an event in which the different banks previously are consolidated into a single institution goyal, 2011.
The iron was used to make tools for farming and weapons for. Nok was a complex society with permanent settlements and centers for farming and manufacturing, but we are still left guessing who the nok were, how. There are many ancient cultures were still learning about, and in this lesson well look at one of them. First discovered in 1928 in the small tinmining village of nok, artifacts of similar features were found over an area that stretched about 300 miles 480 km east to west and 200. Nok culture, ancient iron age culture that existed on the benue plateau of nigeria between about 500 bce and 200 ce. A terracotta head created by the nok culture, one of ancient west africas most advanced civilizations, emerges at a dig site near janjala, nigeria. An outline of recent studies on the nigerian nok culture. Nok culture as one of the earliest arts in nigeria. The nok culture is assumed to have been highly organized, arguably one of the earliest subsaharan producer of terracotta, with permanent settlements and centers used for farming and manufacturing.